| Objective To explore the predictive value of serum heat shock protein 90（HSP90） and erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR） for the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma（MM） patients. Methods From March 2019 to July 2022, 121 newly diagnosed MM patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University were recruited as the MM group. Concurrently, 100 healthy individuals undergoing physical examinations at the same hospital were selected as the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was applied to detect serum HSP90 level. The Westergren method was applied to detect ESR level. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum HSP90 and ESR levels in MM. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to analyze the relationship between serum HSP90, ESR, and prognosis in MM patients. Cox regression was applied to evaluate the factors affecting poor prognosis in MM patients. Results The levels of serum HSP90 and ESR in the MM group were higher than those in the control group（P<0.05）. Elevated HSP90 and ESR levels were risk factors for multiple myeloma（P<0.05）. The area under the curve（AUC） of serum HSP90, ESR, and their combined diagnosis of MM was 0.816, 0.887, and 0.921, respectively. The combined diagnostic effect was better(Zcombination-HSP90=3.935, Zcombination-ESR=2.511, P<0.05). The serum HSP90, ESR levels, and the proportions of bone marrow plasma cells ≥ 60%, ISS stage Ⅲ and lactate dehydrogenase（LDH） levels in the death group were higher than those in the survival group（P<0.05）. The 2-year overall survival rate was higher in the low-expression groups for HSP90 and ESR compared to their high-expression counterparts（Log-rank χ2=7.654, 4.605, P<0.05）. Bone marrow plasma cells ≥ 60% and elevated levels of serum LDH, HSP90, and ESR were risk factors for poor prognosis in MM patients（P<0.05）. The AUC of serum HSP90, ESR, and their combination in predicting the prognosis of MM patients was 0.662, 0.764, and 0.846, respectively. The combined detection of the two had higher predictive value(Zcombination-HSP90=3.516, Zcombination-ESR=2.212, P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of serum HSP90 and ESR are elevated in MM patients, and they are closely related to the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells and ISS staging. The combined detection of the two has high diagnostic and prognostic values for MM, which can serve as a potential indicator for evaluating the occurrence, development, and prognosis of multiple myeloma. |
